![]() ![]() This is the basis of the UK hazard perception test. Instead, researchers focused on developing a test to measure the core element of hazard avoidance: detecting the hazards and realising that they are dangerous enough to require a response. While this framework may provide a basis for understanding and exploring hazard avoidance as a complex skill, it does not lend itself to simple and consistent measurement in the driving populace. Errors at any of these stages may lead to a crash. Following fixation of the hazard, processing and appraisal stages feed into the response selection. If one completely fails to fixate a precursor before a hazard appears, it is likely that the salience of the hazard itself attracts a late fixation (note the dashed arrow from hazard salience to fixate hazard). Hazard searching according to the priority hierarchy is more likely to lead to an early fixation of the hazard that relying on hazard salience. When a hazard does appear (hazard onset), the driver will hopefully fixate it sooner than later. ![]() This ranked list is constantly in flux as new elements enter the list, old elements drop out, and current elements are re-ordered according to the dynamic situation (Figure 2). The priority hierarchy is an implicit list of tagged areas of the scene that are ranked for their potential to produce a hazard. If the hazard evidence is low however, you place the precursor in the priority hierarchy and continue searching. You may even change your behaviour to mitigate the danger just on the strength of the evidence in the hazard precursor. If the hazard evidence is high enough to suggest this precursor may develop into a hazard, then you are likely to continue looking at the precursor until it becomes the hazard. This precursor is then assessed for its likelihood to become an actual hazard. Examples could include an oncoming vehicle that is positioning itself ready to turn across your lane into a side road, to a high-sided vehicle that might be hiding a pedestrian. If hazard searching or salience allows you to spot a hazard before it happens, then you are likely looking at a hazard precursor. This is the ability to attract attention to themselves due to bottom-up factors such as luminance or sudden movement. Some on-road dangers will also have high hazard salience. Hazard searching however can be subverted by distracting activities (e.g., mobile phones, in-car conversations). As we gain experience of driving, we learn where to look for potential hazards. This framework of hazard avoidance suggests that drivers actively look for hazards (hazard searching). ![]()
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